Integrated start-up bias boost for dynamic error vector magnitude enhancement

ABSTRACT

Devices and methods for correcting for start-up transients in integrated power amplifiers are disclosed. A delay element is arranged to produce a delay waveform signal that is responsive to an input voltage signal. A transconductance element has an input that receives the delay waveform signal and is arranged to provide an output boost current that is based on the delay waveform signal and a gain of the transconductance element. A reference element provides an output bias current that is responsive to a static reference current and the boost current. A bias element has an input that receives the bias current and is arranged to provide a bias control output. A power amplifier is responsive to the bias control output and is arranged to provide an amplified power output. In some examples, the boost current is adjusted based on a supply voltage and an input power of the power amplifier.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of U.S. provisional patentapplication Ser. No. 61/648,504, filed May 17, 2012.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This disclosure relates to enhancing power amplifier performance andmore particularly to enhancing power-on performance of a power amplifierin an integrated circuit.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Power amplifiers may be integrated onto the same die as receiving orother types of amplifiers in many communications standards, such aswireless LAN. A switch permits transmission of signals through theantenna to/from either the power amplifier circuit or the receiving orother amplifier, depending on the needs of the communications circuit.When the power amplifier is transmitting signals, power is supplied tothe power amplifier. When the power amplifier is not activelytransmitting signals, power is not supplied to the power amplifier. Uponpowering on, the power amplifier experiences a period of time duringwhich the signal that is transmitted is changing and the transmissioncharacteristics of the power amplifier are also changing, which isdifficult to train or characterize by other circuit components or othercircuits coupled to the power amplifier circuit. In some circumstancessuch as Wireless LAN, the receiving circuit that receives the signaltransmitted from the power amplifier is arranged to determine thecharacteristics of the incoming signal from the power amplifier within afinite period of time after which the receiving circuit assumes that thesignal changes remain consistent upon further receipt of the signal overtime.

The time period during which the receiving circuit determines thecharacteristics of the incoming signal from the power amplifier may berelatively short, approximately 4 μs in some wireless LAN examples,compared to the time period during which the power amplifier is poweringon and during which the transmission characteristics of the poweramplifier signal are changing and the manner in which they are changingis also changing. This assumption of no further changes to the manner inwhich the signal is changing leads to the receiving circuit assumingthat the power amplifier signal is not continuing to change in the samemanner when in fact the characteristics of the power amplifier signalare continuing to change, which can lead to inaccuracies in how thesignal is being processed by the receiving circuit.

To accommodate for changing transmission characteristics during thepowering-on time period of the power amplifier, a reference circuit hasbeen coupled to the power amplifier to generate a complementaryreference current to the current flowing through the power amplifier.The complementary reference current produced by the reference circuithas an input of a voltage from a control source that is then convertedto the reference current by the reference circuit. A reference circuitresistor sets both the steady state current value and the time constantor delay. A reference circuit capacitor value becomes fixed as a resultof the fixed value for the reference circuit resistor. The steady statecurrent value requires that the capacitor value be relatively large andthat value can be upwards of 100 nF in some examples. It is notpractical for such a large capacitor to be physically present on die andtherefore it must be located off-die.

Therefore, improvements that correct for the powering-on or start-uptransients that power amplifiers inherently experience that are bothsize and cost efficient are desirable in the art.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

An object of this invention is to provide methods and device structuressuitable for correcting for start-up transients in power amplifiers.

An example circuit that corrects for start-up transients in poweramplifiers includes a boost generator, a reference element, a biaselement, and a power amplifier. The boost generator can include a delayelement, a transconductance element, or both. The delay element isarranged to produce a delay waveform signal that is responsive to aninput voltage signal. The transconductance element has an input thatreceives the delay waveform signal from the delay element and isarranged to provide an output boost current that is based on the delaywaveform signal and a gain of the transconductance element. Thereference element provides an output bias current that is responsive toa static reference current and the boost current. The bias element hasan input that receives the bias current and is arranged to provide abias control output. The power amplifier is responsive to the biascontrol output and is arranged to provide an amplified power output. Thepower amplifier provides a first amount of power gain during a firsttime period after the power amplifier is powered on and a second amountof power gain during a second time period following the first timeperiod after the power amplifier is powered on. The first amount ofpower gain is responsive to the sum of the boost current and the staticreference current. The second amount of power gain is determined bydecay of the output bias current to a value of the static referencecurrent.

Methods of correcting for a start-up transient in a power amplifierinclude producing a boost current having a decay characteristic,producing a static reference current, summing the boost current and thestatic reference current, and applying the summed boost current and thestatic reference current to bias the power amplifier. Method ofcorrecting for a start-up transient in power amplifiers may also includeadjusting the boost current based on a supply voltage of the poweramplifier and an output power of the power amplifier.

The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of theinvention will become more readily apparent from the following detaileddescription with reference to the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram that corresponds to elements of an integratedstart-up bias boost circuit for a power amplifier, in accordance withaspects of the invention.

FIG. 2 is another block diagram showing elements of the integratedstart-up bias boost circuit for a power amplifier shown in FIG. 1.

FIG. 3A is a schematic of an example delay element, transconductanceelement, and optional polarity inverter of an integrated start-up biasboost circuit for a power amplifier in accordance with aspects of thedisclosure.

FIG. 3B is a schematic of an example bias reference element of anintegrated start-up bias boost circuit for a power amplifier, accordingto aspects of the disclosure.

FIG. 3C is a schematic of an example bias circuit and a power amplifierof an integrated start-up bias boost circuit for a power amplifier, inaccordance with aspects of the disclosure.

FIG. 4 is a graphical representation of bias current over time,according to aspects of the disclosure.

FIG. 5 shows steps in a method of correcting for a start-up transient ina power amplifier, in accordance with aspects of the disclosure.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram that corresponds to another embodiment of anintegrated start-up bias boost circuit for a power amplifier.

FIG. 7 is another block diagram corresponding to some elements of theboost generator of FIG. 6.

FIG. 8 is yet another block diagram that corresponds to some additionaland optional elements of the integrated start-up bias boost circuitshown in FIG. 6.

FIG. 9 is an example schematic of the integrated start-up bias boostcircuit shown in FIG. 8.

FIG. 10 is another example schematic of the integrated start-up biasboost circuit shown in FIG. 8.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In the drawings, which are not necessarily to scale, like orcorresponding elements of the disclosed systems and methods are denotedby the same reference numerals.

To correct for start-up transients inherent in power amplifiers, such asthe LX5585 and LX5590 power amplifiers manufactured by MicrosemiCorporation®, the disclosed circuits and methods provide for separatingthe circuit elements used to set the delay from those circuit elementsused to set the output magnitude of the bias current and thecharacteristics of the output signal of the power amplifier. Byseparating the delay and the output magnitude of the bias current, theoutput signal of the power amplifier compensates for the start-uptransients inherent in power amplifiers, in many environments,specifically in a monolithic solution for example. This arrangement canprovide adjustable control mechanisms and the ability to control thecircuit's behavior in any standard CMOS/BiCMOS process.

Referring now to FIG. 1, a circuit that corrects for start-up transientsin power amplifiers 100 is illustrated in a block diagram. The circuit100 includes a boost generator 101 that provides a boost current 102, areference element 104 that provides a reference current (I_(REF)) 106, abias element or bias circuit 110 that provides a bias control output 112and a power amplifier 114. The currents I_(BOOST) 102 and I_(REF) aresummed to produce an output bias current, I_(BIAS) 108 that is receivedas input to the bias circuit 110. The bias circuit 110 produces a biascontrol output 112 based on I_(BIAS) 108. The power amplifier 114 isresponsive to the bias control output 112 and is arranged to provide anamplified power output (RF_(OUT)).

FIG. 2 shows a block diagram corresponding to the circuit elements shownin FIG. 1 along with additional elements of the boost generator.Specifically, the example boost generator 101 shown in FIG. 2 includes adelay element 116 and a transconductance element 118

Optionally, the correcting circuit 100 can also include a polarityinversion circuit 120. The delay element 116 is arranged to produce adelay waveform signal that is responsive to an input signal. In otherexamples, a switch of any kind can generate the input voltage signalthat is received at the input of the transconductance element 118. Thetransconductance element 118 has an input that receives the delaywaveform signal from the delay element 116 and is arranged to provide anoutput boost current (I_(BOOST)) 102 that is based on the delay waveformsignal and a gain of the transconductance element 118. The referenceelement 104 may be a bias reference element that provides a staticreference current (I_(REF)) 106. The currents I_(BOOST) 102 and I_(REF)106 are summed to produce an output bias current (I_(BIAS)) 108 that isreceived as the input to the bias circuit 110. The bias circuit 110produces a bias control output 112 based on I_(BIAS) 108. The poweramplifier 114 is responsive to the bias control output and is arrangedto provide an amplified power output, as discussed above.

The power amplifier 114 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 provides a first amountof power gain during a first time period after the power amplifier ispowered on and a second amount of power gain during a second time periodafter the power amplifier is powered on. The second time period is afterthe first time period in this example. The first amount of power gain isresponsive to the sum of I_(BOOST) and I_(REF). The second amount ofpower gain is determined by the decay of the output bias currentI_(BIAS) portion of the output control bias toward a value of the staticreference current, I_(REF), which occurs over time. For example, thefirst time period and the second time period extend over about 100 μsafter the power amplifier is powered on. The first time period may beginwhen an enabling control signal 121 is supplied to the power amplifier,in some examples, which may be concurrent with or slightly before orafter the power amplifier is powered on. At the end of the first timeperiod, the output bias current I_(BIAS) value of the bias controloutput has peaked in value and has decayed toward the value of thestatic reference current I_(REF).

The transconductance element 118 of the block diagram of the start-upbias boost circuit 100 illustrated in FIG. 2 converts the delay waveformsignal that it receives at its input into an output current with anoutput gain. In some examples, the delay waveform signal includes adelay waveform voltage that is converted to an output current by thetransconductance element 118. Optionally, the output current of thetransconductance element 118 is received as input to a polarityinversion circuit 120. The polarity inversion circuit 120 can turn acurrent sink into a current source. For example, when thetransconductance element 118 outputs a current that needs amplifying,then the current is transmitted through the polarity inversion circuit120, or current mirror circuit, to amplify the current to its maximumvalue. When the output current of the transconductance element 118 iscorrect, such as being equal to its maximum value, then the polarityinversion circuit 120 can be bypassed. Regardless, the output current ofthe transconductance element 118, whether or not it passes through thepolarity inversion circuit 120, produces the output boost current,I_(BOOST) 102. In the examples in which the output current of thetransconductance element 118 is transmitted through the polarityinversion circuit 120, the polarity inversion circuit 120 receives theboost current from the output of the transconductance element 118 and isarranged to provide an output current that is a mirrored boost current.The mirrored boost current or simply the boost current is depicted asI_(BOOST) in FIG. 2.

The output bias current, I_(BIAS), is responsive to I_(BOOST) or themirrored boost current, depending on whether the current is transmittedthrough the polarity inversion circuit 120. In the examples in which thecurrent is transmitted through the polarity inversion circuit 120, theoutput bias current, I_(BIAS), is the sum of the static referencecurrent, I_(REF), and the mirrored boost current. In the examples inwhich the current bypasses the polarity inversion circuit 120, theoutput bias current, I_(BIAS), is the sum of the static referencecurrent I_(REF) and the boost current output from the transconductanceelement 118.

FIGS. 3A-3C show example schematics of some elements of the start-upbias boost circuit 100 discussed in FIGS. 1 and 2. These are examplesand other embodiments of the correcting circuits may be implemented inaccordance with this disclosure. FIG. 3A is an example schematic of adelay element 116, a transconductance element 118, and a polarityinversion circuit 120. The delay element 116 can be a resistor-capacitor(RC) charge circuit, in some examples, in which a capacitor 122 beginsto charge when the trigger voltage input 130 transitions from low (0V)to high. A combination of the delay switches 124, 126, 128 are closed toselect one of delays d<0>, d<1>, or d<2>. The voltage input 130 to thedelay element 116 ranges from 0V when voltage is not being supplied tothe delay element 116 to approximately 3.3V when voltage is supplied tothe delay element 116 and the capacitor 122 begins to charge the RCcharge circuit, for example. In alternative examples, the delay elementcan include one or more simple switches or other circuit elements thatprovide power to the start-up bias boost circuit.

In the example shown in FIG. 3A, the delay element 116 includes thecapacitor 122 and a series of digitally controllable resistors 132, 134,136 electrically coupled together in series. However, in alternativeexamples, the capacitor may be electrically coupled to a single resistoror any other suitable number of resistors. In addition, switchingelements may be used in combination with multiple capacitors to provideadjustable delays. Again referring to FIG. 3A, the series of resistors132, 134, 136 are digitally selectable by their respective switches 124,126, 128, such as field effect transistors (FETs) for example, or anyother suitable switch. In this example, when FETs 124, 126 are closed(conducting) and FET 128 is open (non-conducting), the resistance of thedelay element 116 becomes the value of R₁. When FETs 124, 128 are closedand FET 126 is open, the resistance becomes the value of 2*R₁, in thisexample. When FETs 126, 128 are closed and FET 124 is open, theresistance of the delay element 116 becomes the value of 4*R₁, in thisexample. By varying the FETs 124, 126, 128 that are open and closed, theresistance value of the delay element 116 can be controlled. Bycontrolling the resistance value of the delay element 116, the delaywaveform signal's response to the input voltage signal received by thedelay element 116 can also be controlled.

The output voltage signal of the delay element 116 is received at theinput of the transconductance element 118, which produces an outputboost current. The transconductance element 118 includes an amplifyingdevice 138 or transistor and a series of resistors 140, 142, 144electrically coupled together in series. In the example transconductanceelement 118 shown in FIG. 3A, the amplifying device 138 is a FET, forexample, or can be any other suitable type of amplifying device. Theresistors 140, 142, 144 can be one large resistor in other examples.However, in FIG. 3A, the resistors 140, 142, 144 are a series of threedigitally selectable resistors electrically coupled together in series.These resistors 140, 142, 144 are digitally controlled by two switches146, 148 that vary the resistance and thus the output boost current thatis output from the transconductance element 118. The transconductanceelement 118 has a minimum resistance of R₂ that may increase dependingon whether one or both of the switches 146, 148 are open or closed.

The output boost current of the transconductance element 118 is receivedas input to the polarity inversion circuit 120 shown in FIG. 3A. Thepolarity inversion circuit 120 includes two metal oxide semiconductorfield effect transistors 150, 152 (MOSFETs), in this example,electrically coupled in series to each other. The polarity inversioncircuit 120 generates a mirrored output boost current that is greaterthan, but directly proportional to the boost current output by thetransconductance element 118.

FIG. 3B is an example reference element 104. The reference element 104can be a static reference element that is arranged to provide a staticreference current that sets an operating parameter of the poweramplifier, namely the current that flows through the power amplifier'sbipolar transistor.

Turning now to FIG. 3C, example schematics of the bias circuit 110 andthe power amplifier 114 are shown. The bias circuit 110 receives thesummed bias current of the output boost current, the output current fromFIG. 3A, and the static reference current, the output current from FIG.3B. The bias circuit 110 shown in FIG. 3C includes a bipolar transistor156 and an inductor 158 electrically coupled in series with each other.A bypass pathway 160 couples the gate to the collector of the bipolartransistor 156, thus effectively turning the bipolar transistor 156 intoa diode. The bias circuit 110 provides an elevated bias voltage to thepower amplifier 114 when the power amplifier 114 is powered on, whichhelps to correct for the changes in performance characteristics of thepower amplifier 114 during the powering on time period.

FIG. 3C also shows an example schematic of a power amplifier 114 havinga capacitor 162, a bipolar transistor 164, and an inductor 166. An inputsignal to the power amplifier 114 is a radio frequency (RF) input andthe output of the power amplifier 114 is an RF output signal that isamplified by a gain defined by the power amplifier 114. When the poweramplifier 114 is powered off, the current through the bipolar transistor164 of the power amplifier 114 is essentially zero. When the poweramplifier 114 is powered on, the current through the bipolar transistor164 rapidly changes and then gradually approaches its steady statevalue. During the time period when the current through the bipolartransistor 164 is changing, the RF characteristics of the poweramplifier 114 are also changing. The steady state value of the currentthrough the bipolar transistor 164 of the power amplifier 114 isproportional to the value of the static reference current 106. The biascontrol current is a current boost that, when summed with the staticreference current and input into the power amplifier 114, helps tocorrect for the changes to the RF characteristics of the power amplifier114 when it is powered on during its “transient” period, which otherwisehas a negative impact on the overall system performance.

The bias circuit 110 generates the bias voltage for the bipolartransistor 164 of the power amplifier 114. The operating point of thebipolar transistor 164 of the power amplifier 114 is set by the staticreference current that flows through the reference device 156 of thebias circuit 110. As discussed above, the input current to the biascircuit 110 is generated by summing the static reference current and theoutput current boost. When the power amplifier 114 is powered off, thecontrol voltage 130 (V_(trigger)) to the start-up bias boost circuit 100is brought to ground, which resets the circuit 100 in the examples shownin FIGS. 1-3C. In alternative embodiments, the circuit 100 can have aconstant supply voltage (although the value of the supply voltage mayvary) and the circuit can be reset through other ways, such as FETswitches.

In the examples shown in FIGS. 3A-3C, the start-up bias boost circuit100 has two design equations:t _(delay)=(R ₁ *C ₁) secondsI _(BOOST,max)=(V _(CC) −V _(M1))/R ₂ amps

The start-up bias boost circuit design equations have three degrees offreedom—C₁, R₁, and R₂. C₁ is the capacitor 122 included in the delayelement 116 of the start-up bias boost circuit 100 and is generallyfixed by layout constraints and can be chosen to be as large asconventionally possible. To achieve the desired delay, which is in therange of 100's of μs, R₁ corresponding to the resistance value 132, 134,136 of the delay element 116 also tends to be relatively large, such as2 MΩ. To achieve the desired magnitude of the output boost current, thevalue of R₂ corresponding to the resistance value 140, 142, 144 of thetransconductance element 118 can be chosen independently of R₁ and C₁.All three degrees of freedom, C₁, R₁, and R₂, are controllable to changethe value of the desired delay and the output boost current.

As discussed above, before the power amplifier 114 is powered on, thecontrol voltage 130 to the delay element 116 is zero, which means thatall node voltages are also zero and the static reference current iszero. The diode 156 in the bias circuit 110 and the bipolar transistor164 in the power amplifier 114 are off and the voltage across C₁ 122 ofthe delay element 116 is zero. When the power amplifier 114 is poweredon, the static reference current is turned on, in some examples to avalue of 100 μA. The control voltage 130 to the boost circuit 100 isalso brought up to a desired value, in some examples to 3.3V. Thetransition of control voltage 130 may be coincident, slightly before, orslightly after the static reference current is turned on. The voltageacross C₁ 122 is still zero, which brings the gate voltage of thetransistor 138 in the transconductance element 118 up to the controlvoltage 130, which causes the transistor 138 to turn on. The sourcedegeneration provided by R₂ 140, 142, 144 limits the drain current,which allows for the current through transistor 138 to be approximatelyI_(BOOST,max)=(V_(CC)−V_(M1))/R₂, as discussed above.

With increasing time, the voltage across C₁ 122 increases with aninverse exponential characteristic. The rate at which the voltage acrossC₁ 122 increases is controlled by the value of R₁ 132, 134, 136. As C₁122 charges, the gate voltage of transistor 138 in the transconductanceelement 118 decreases exponentially, which causes the current that flowsthrough transistor 138 to decrease exponentially as well. This decreasein the current that flows through transistor 138 generates anexponential decay of the output boost current. When the voltage acrossC₁ 122 becomes equal to V_(CC)−V_(Threshold voltage of M1), whichhappens over time, transistor 138 turns off and the current throughtransistor 138 becomes zero. This change results in the output boostcurrent decaying to zero and the bias current becomes equal to thestatic reference current, which is the desired steady state condition.

FIG. 4 is a graphical representation of the bias current over time 400as it peaks to a value of the sum of the output boost current and thestatic reference current 402, then decays to a value of the staticreference current 404. Referring again to the power gain of the poweramplifier, the second amount of power gain provided by the poweramplifier during a second time period after the power amplifier ispowered on is determined by the exponential decay of the output biascurrent toward the value of the static reference current during thesecond time period. In some examples, the second time period begins whenthe second amount of power gain has reduced to a value acceptably closeto the steady state amount of power gain. The first amount of power gainof the power amplifier is measured from the beginning of the first timeperiod. The time constant can be defined as the amount of time betweenthe initial powering on of the power amplifier (thus starting the firsttime period) and the time when the magnitude of the power gain of thepower amplifier is close enough to its steady state value to induce anacceptably small error to the output signal. The power gain of the poweramplifier is proportional to the exponential decay of the output biascurrent, as depicted in FIG. 4.

Referring now to FIG. 5, steps in a method 500 for correcting for astart-up transient in a power amplifier are shown. The steps includeproducing a boost current that has a decay characteristic 502, producinga static reference current 504, summing the boost current and the staticreference current 506, and applying the summed boost current and thestatic reference current to bias a power amplifier 508. As discussedabove, the power amplifier provides a first amount of power gain duringa first time period after the power amplifier is powered on and a secondamount of power gain during a second time period subsequent to the firsttime period after the power amplifier is powered on. The first amount ofpower gain is responsive to the sum of the boost current and the staticreference current and the second amount of power gain is determined bythe decay of the summed boost current to a value of the static referencecurrent.

FIGS. 6-10 show another example integrated start-up bias boost circuitfor correcting circuit 600. Similar to the correcting circuit 100 shownin FIGS. 1-5 and discussed above, the correcting circuit 600 correctsfor start-up transients inherent in power amplifiers by separating thecircuit elements used to set the delay from those circuit elements usedto set the output magnitude of the bias current and the characteristicsof the output signal of the power amplifier. However, the correctingcircuit 600 shown in FIGS. 6-10 can also include two scaling operations.Both the supply voltage of the power amplifier and the RF_(OUT) or powerlevel input of the power amplifier affect the magnitude of the thermalevent that occurs when the power amplifier turns on. Because themagnitude of the thermal event is affected, the amount of boost currentrequired also changes.

The varying levels of boost current required because of the effects ofthe supply voltage on the power amplifier can be corrected by scalingthe original boost current by a scaling factor. The scaling factor isproportional to the power amplifier's supply voltage (V_(PA)). Thevarying levels of boost current that are required due to the effect ofthe RF drive on the power amplifier is handled by further scaling theoriginal boost current by a scaling factor that is proportional to themagnitude of the RF signal, RF_(OUT).

By adjusting the magnitude of I_(BOOST) by the scaling factor that isbased on the RF_(OUT) and the V_(PA), the correcting circuit 600achieves dynamic scaling of I_(BOOST). FIG. 6 is a block diagram of anexample correcting circuit 600 that includes scaling of I_(BOOST) basedon RF_(OUT) and the V_(PA). The correcting circuit 600 includes a boostgenerator 602, a reference element 606, a bias element or bias circuit610, and a power amplifier 616. The boost generator includes threeinputs: a time constant 618, V_(PA) 620, and RF_(OUT) 622, which incombination adjust the I_(BOOST) 604 output by the boost generator 602based on values associated with the power amplifier 616. Because thevalues associated with the power amplifier 616 change during thetransient period when the power amplifier is turned on, the boostgenerator corrects for the thermal event of the turn on by scalingI_(BOOST) to adjust based on the changing supply voltage and outputpower values of the power amplifier.

Similar to the correcting circuit 100 described above, the correctingcircuit 600 shown in FIG. 6 has a reference element 606 that provides areference current (I_(REF)) 608. Currents I_(BOOST) and I_(REF) aresummed to produce an output bias current, I_(BIAS), 609 that is receivedas input to the bias circuit 610. The bias circuit 610 produces a biascontrol output 612 that is based on I_(BIAS) 609. The power amplifier616 is responsive to the bias control output 612 and is arranged toprovide an amplified power output.

FIG. 7 shows another block diagram of the correcting circuit 600 with amore detailed illustration of scaling I_(BOOST) 604. The boost generator602 includes the trigger voltage (V_(trigger)) input 618 that isprovided as input to the boost waveform generator 624. The output of theboost waveform generator 624 is input to an amplifier 627 with V_(PA)620 as its gain control input. The amplifier 627 with V_(PA) 620 as itsinput adjusts the output I_(BOOST) by a scaling factor that is based onV_(PA). The output of amplifier 627 is input to a second amplifier 628with RF_(OUT) of the power amplifier 616 as its gain control input. Theamplifier 627 further adjusts the output I_(BOOST) 604 from the boostgenerator 602 by a scaling factor that is based on RF_(OUT) 622 of thepower amplifier 627. The output of the V_(PA) and RF_(OUT) scaledI_(BOOST) is then summed with I_(REF), as described above.

FIG. 8 shows yet another block diagram of the correcting circuit 600that adjust I_(BOOST) by a scaling factor that is based on V_(PA) andRF_(OUT). As discussed above, the boost generator 602 can include adelay element 626 and a transconductance element 628. However, differentfrom the example correcting circuit 100 discussed above, the correctingcircuit 600 that scales I_(BOOST), includes a transconductance element628 in which the output current is based on the delay waveform signaland the magnitude of the output voltage of the delay element 626 isproportional to V_(PA).

The output current, I_(BOOST), of the boost generator is input to anoptional polarity inverter 630 in a manner similar to the polarityinverter discussed above in FIG. 2. The output of the polarity inverter630 is a current input to a power scaling element 624. The outputcurrent of the power scaling element 624 is scaled I_(BOOST), which isadjusted by a scaling factor that is proportional to the output power ofthe power amplifier As discussed above, I_(BOOST) is summed with I_(REF)to produce I_(BIAS) 609, which is input to the bias circuit 610. Theoutput of the bias circuit is bias control 612 which is an input to thepower amplifier 616.

FIG. 9 is an example schematic showing a delay element 626, atransconductance element 628, a polarity inversion circuit 630, a powerscaling element 622, and a polarity and gain element 632. Similar to thecorrecting circuit 100 described in FIG. 3A, the delay element 626 canbe a resistor-capacitor (RC) charge circuit in which a capacitor 636begins to charge when the trigger voltage input (V_(trigger)) 633transitions from low (0V) to high. V_(trigger) 633 is input to anamplifier 634 that also receives input from V_(PA), thereby adjustingthe ultimate I_(BOOST) based on V_(PA). A combination of delay switches638, 640, 642 are closed to select one of delays d0, d1, d2, d3, d4, d5,d6, and d7. Simple switches or other circuit elements can also be used.The delay element 626 includes a capacitor 636 and a series of digitallycontrollable resistors 644, 646, 648 that are electrically coupled toeach other in series. Any suitable adjustable delay can be used. Bycontrolling the resistance value of the delay element 626, the delaywaveform signal's response to the input voltage signal received by thedelay element 626 can also be controlled.

The output voltage signal of the delay element 626 is received at theinput of the transconductance element 628. The transconductance element628 includes an amplifying device 650 or transistor and a series ofresistors 652, 654, 656 electrically coupled together in series. In theexample transconductance element shown in FIG. 9, the amplifying device650 is a FET, for example, or can be any other suitable type ofamplifying device. The resistors 652, 654, 656 are a series of threedigitally selectable resistors electrically coupled together in series.Resistors 652, 654, 656 are digitally controlled by two switches 658,660 that vary the resistance and thus the output boost current that isoutput from the transconductance element 628.

The output boost current of the transconductance element 628 is receivedas input to the polarity inversion circuit 630 shown in FIG. 9. Thepolarity inversion circuit 630 includes two MOSFETs 662, 664, in thisexample, that are electrically coupled in series to each other. Thepolarity inversion circuit 630 generates a mirrored output boost currentthat is greater than, but directly proportional to the boost currentoutput by the transconductance element 628.

The output boost current of the polarity inversion circuit 630 isreceived as input to the power scaling element 622. The power scalingelement 622 includes two parallel MOSFETs 668, 670. MOSFET 668 has areference voltage input (V_(REF)) and MOSFET 670 has a reference voltage(V_(REF)) and a voltage proportional to the RF power level of the poweramplifier (V_(RF)). Both V_(REF) and V_(RF) are supplied by a powerdetector (not shown) that is located elsewhere on the die from the poweramplifier and the correcting circuit described herein. V_(REF) is areference voltage from the power detector and V_(RF) is a signal suchthat V_(RF)-V_(REF) is proportional to the RF power level of thedisclosed power amplifier. The output of power scaling circuit 622 canbe taken from either device 668 or 670 depending on the polarity ofscaling desired.

The output of the power scaling element 622 is received as input to anoptional polarity and gain element 632. The polarity and gain element632 includes a gain portion that includes two MOSFETs 672, 674electrically coupled in series with each other. The polarity and gainelement 632 also includes a polarity inversion circuit portion in serieswith the gain portion. The polarity inversion circuit portion includestwo MOSFETs electrically coupled in series with each other 676, 678. Theoutput of the polarity and gain element 632 is I_(BOOST), adjusted so itis scaled to RF_(OUT) and V_(PA).

FIG. 10 is another correcting circuit that scales I_(BOOST) based onV_(PA) and RF_(OUT). Instead of a selectable delay 626 that includes thedelay switches 638, 640, 642 and the resistors 644, 646, 648 shown inFIG. 9, the correcting circuit 600 in FIG. 10 includes delay 626A havinga single resistor 680. Alternatively, the delay element could be aseries of resistors or any other suitable resistance element(s).

Having described and illustrated the principles of the invention in apreferred embodiment thereof, it should be apparent that the inventioncan be modified in arrangement and detail without departing from suchprinciples. We claim all modifications and variations coming within thespirit and scope of the following claims.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A circuit that corrects for start-uptransients in power amplifiers, comprising: a boost generator arrangedto provide a boost current; a reference element that provides an outputbias current responsive to a static reference current and the boostcurrent; a bias element having an input that receives the bias currentand is arranged to provide a bias control output; a power amplifierresponsive to the bias control output and arranged to provide anamplified power output, wherein the power amplifier provides a firstamount of power gain during a first time period after the poweramplifier is powered on, the first amount of power gain responsive tothe sum of the boost current and the static reference current and asecond amount of power gain during a second time period after the poweramplifier is powered on, the second time period following the first timeperiod, the second amount of power gain determined by decay of theoutput bias current to a value of the static reference current; and apolarity inversion circuit having an input that receives the boostcurrent and is arranged to provide an output that is a mirrored boostcurrent, wherein the bias current is responsive to the mirrored boostcurrent.
 2. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the output bias current isthe sum of the static reference current and the mirrored boost current.3. A circuit that corrects for start-up transients in power amplifiers,comprising: a boost generator arranged to provide a boost current, theboost generator includes a delay element and a transconductance elementand wherein the delay element includes a capacitor and a first resistor,a second resistor, and a third resistor that are electrically coupledtogether in series and are digitally controllable; a reference elementthat provides an output bias current responsive to a static referencecurrent and the boost current; a bias element having an input thatreceives the bias current and is arranged to provide a bias controloutput; and a power amplifier responsive to the bias control output andarranged to provide an amplified power output, wherein the poweramplifier provides a first amount of power gain during a first timeperiod after the power amplifier is powered on, the first amount ofpower gain responsive to the sum of the boost current and the staticreference current and a second amount of power gain during a second timeperiod after the power amplifier is powered on, the second time periodfollowing the first time period, the second amount of power gaindetermined by decay of the output bias current to a value of the staticreference current.
 4. A circuit that corrects for start-up transients inpower amplifiers, comprising: a boost generator arranged to provide aboost current, the boost generator includes a delay element and atransconductance element, the transconductance element includes a switchand at least one resistor electrically coupled together in series; areference element that provides an output bias current responsive to astatic reference current and the boost current; a bias element having aninput that receives the bias current and is arranged to provide a biascontrol output; a power amplifier responsive to the bias control outputand arranged to provide an amplified power output, wherein the poweramplifier provides a first amount of power gain during a first timeperiod after the power amplifier is powered on, the first amount ofpower gain responsive to the sum of the boost current and the staticreference current and a second amount of power gain during a second timeperiod after the power amplifier is powered on, the second time periodfollowing the first time period, the second amount of power gaindetermined by decay of the output bias current to a value of the staticreference current.
 5. A circuit that corrects for start-up transients inpower amplifiers, comprising: a boost generator arranged to provide aboost current, the boost generator includes a delay element and atransconductance element, the delay element is arranged to produce adelay waveform signal responsive to an input voltage signal and thetransconductance element has an input that receives the delay waveformsignal from the delay element and is arranged to provide the outputboost current, the output of the transconductance element is adjusted bya scaling factor that is based on a supply voltage of the poweramplifier, wherein the transconductance element includes a firstresistor, a second resistor, and a third resistor that are electricallycoupled together in series and are digitally controllable; a referenceelement that provides an output bias current responsive to a staticreference current and the boost current; a bias element having an inputthat receives the bias current and is arranged to provide a bias controloutput; and a power amplifier responsive to the bias control output andarranged to provide an amplified power output, wherein the poweramplifier provides a first amount of power gain during a first timeperiod after the power amplifier is powered on, the first amount ofpower gain responsive to the sum of the boost current and the staticreference current and a second amount of power gain during a second timeperiod after the power amplifier is powered on, the second time periodfollowing the first time period, the second amount of power gaindetermined by decay of the output bias current to a value of the staticreference current.
 6. A circuit that corrects for start-up transients inpower amplifiers, comprising: a boost generator arranged to provide aboost current, the boost generator includes a delay element and atransconductance element, the delay element is arranged to produce adelay waveform signal responsive to an input voltage signal and thetransconductance element has an input that receives the delay waveformsignal from the delay element and is arranged to provide the outputboost current, the output of the transconductance element is adjusted bya scaling factor that is based on a supply voltage of the poweramplifier; a reference element that provides an output bias currentresponsive to a static reference current and the boost current; a biaselement having an input that receives the bias current and is arrangedto provide a bias control output; a power amplifier responsive to thebias control output and arranged to provide an amplified power output,wherein the power amplifier provides a first amount of power gain duringa first time period after the power amplifier is powered on, the firstamount of power gain responsive to the sum of the boost current and thestatic reference current and a second amount of power gain during asecond time period after the power amplifier is powered on, the secondtime period following the first time period, the second amount of powergain determined by decay of the output bias current to a value of thestatic reference current; and a power scaling element that adjusts theboost current by a power scaling factor that is based on the outputpower of the power amplifier.
 7. The circuit of claim 6, wherein thepower scaling factor is proportional to the magnitude of the outputpower of the power amplifier.
 8. The circuit of claim 6, wherein thepower scaling factor is proportional to the magnitude of the outputpower of the power amplifier.
 9. A method of correcting for a start-uptransient in a power amplifier, comprising: producing a boost currenthaving a decay characteristic; producing a static reference current;adjusting the boost current by a scaling factor that is based on asupply voltage of the power amplifier and an input power of the poweramplifier; summing the boost current and the static reference current;applying the summed boost current and the static reference current tobias a power amplifier; wherein the boost current is produced by a delayelement having an input that receives an enabling control signal and isarranged to provide an output that includes a delay output signal and atransconductance element having an input that receives the delay outputvoltage from the delay element and is arranged to provide an output thatincludes the boost current that is based on the delay output voltage anda gain of the transconductance element, wherein the delay elementincludes a switch and at least one resistor coupled together in series.10. A method of correcting for a start-up transient in a poweramplifier, comprising: producing a boost current having a decaycharacteristic; producing a static reference current; adjusting theboost current by a scaling factor that is based on a supply voltage ofthe power amplifier and an input power of the power amplifier; summingthe boost current and the static reference current; applying the summedboost current and the static reference current to bias a poweramplifier; wherein the boost current is produced by a delay elementhaving an input that receives an enabling control signal and is arrangedto provide an output that includes a delay output signal and atransconductance element having an input that receives the delay outputvoltage from the delay element and is arranged to provide an output thatincludes the boost current that is based on the delay output voltage anda gain of the transconductance element, wherein the transconductanceelement includes a switch and at least one resistor coupled together inseries.
 11. A method of correcting for a start-up transient in a poweramplifier, comprising: producing a boost current having a decaycharacteristic; producing a static reference current; adjusting theboost current by a scaling factor that is based on a supply voltage ofthe power amplifier and an input power of the power amplifier, whereinthe scaling factor is a voltage scaling factor that is proportional tothe supply voltage and a power scaling factor that is proportional tothe magnitude of an output power to the power amplifier; summing theboost current and the static reference current; applying the summedboost current and the static reference current to bias a poweramplifier.